1: SUBROUTINE ZGEBAL( JOB, N, A, LDA, ILO, IHI, SCALE, INFO )
2: *
3: * -- LAPACK routine (version 3.2) --
4: * -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
5: * -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
6: * November 2006
7: *
8: * .. Scalar Arguments ..
9: CHARACTER JOB
10: INTEGER IHI, ILO, INFO, LDA, N
11: * ..
12: * .. Array Arguments ..
13: DOUBLE PRECISION SCALE( * )
14: COMPLEX*16 A( LDA, * )
15: * ..
16: *
17: * Purpose
18: * =======
19: *
20: * ZGEBAL balances a general complex matrix A. This involves, first,
21: * permuting A by a similarity transformation to isolate eigenvalues
22: * in the first 1 to ILO-1 and last IHI+1 to N elements on the
23: * diagonal; and second, applying a diagonal similarity transformation
24: * to rows and columns ILO to IHI to make the rows and columns as
25: * close in norm as possible. Both steps are optional.
26: *
27: * Balancing may reduce the 1-norm of the matrix, and improve the
28: * accuracy of the computed eigenvalues and/or eigenvectors.
29: *
30: * Arguments
31: * =========
32: *
33: * JOB (input) CHARACTER*1
34: * Specifies the operations to be performed on A:
35: * = 'N': none: simply set ILO = 1, IHI = N, SCALE(I) = 1.0
36: * for i = 1,...,N;
37: * = 'P': permute only;
38: * = 'S': scale only;
39: * = 'B': both permute and scale.
40: *
41: * N (input) INTEGER
42: * The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
43: *
44: * A (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
45: * On entry, the input matrix A.
46: * On exit, A is overwritten by the balanced matrix.
47: * If JOB = 'N', A is not referenced.
48: * See Further Details.
49: *
50: * LDA (input) INTEGER
51: * The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
52: *
53: * ILO (output) INTEGER
54: * IHI (output) INTEGER
55: * ILO and IHI are set to integers such that on exit
56: * A(i,j) = 0 if i > j and j = 1,...,ILO-1 or I = IHI+1,...,N.
57: * If JOB = 'N' or 'S', ILO = 1 and IHI = N.
58: *
59: * SCALE (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
60: * Details of the permutations and scaling factors applied to
61: * A. If P(j) is the index of the row and column interchanged
62: * with row and column j and D(j) is the scaling factor
63: * applied to row and column j, then
64: * SCALE(j) = P(j) for j = 1,...,ILO-1
65: * = D(j) for j = ILO,...,IHI
66: * = P(j) for j = IHI+1,...,N.
67: * The order in which the interchanges are made is N to IHI+1,
68: * then 1 to ILO-1.
69: *
70: * INFO (output) INTEGER
71: * = 0: successful exit.
72: * < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
73: *
74: * Further Details
75: * ===============
76: *
77: * The permutations consist of row and column interchanges which put
78: * the matrix in the form
79: *
80: * ( T1 X Y )
81: * P A P = ( 0 B Z )
82: * ( 0 0 T2 )
83: *
84: * where T1 and T2 are upper triangular matrices whose eigenvalues lie
85: * along the diagonal. The column indices ILO and IHI mark the starting
86: * and ending columns of the submatrix B. Balancing consists of applying
87: * a diagonal similarity transformation inv(D) * B * D to make the
88: * 1-norms of each row of B and its corresponding column nearly equal.
89: * The output matrix is
90: *
91: * ( T1 X*D Y )
92: * ( 0 inv(D)*B*D inv(D)*Z ).
93: * ( 0 0 T2 )
94: *
95: * Information about the permutations P and the diagonal matrix D is
96: * returned in the vector SCALE.
97: *
98: * This subroutine is based on the EISPACK routine CBAL.
99: *
100: * Modified by Tzu-Yi Chen, Computer Science Division, University of
101: * California at Berkeley, USA
102: *
103: * =====================================================================
104: *
105: * .. Parameters ..
106: DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO, ONE
107: PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D+0, ONE = 1.0D+0 )
108: DOUBLE PRECISION SCLFAC
109: PARAMETER ( SCLFAC = 2.0D+0 )
110: DOUBLE PRECISION FACTOR
111: PARAMETER ( FACTOR = 0.95D+0 )
112: * ..
113: * .. Local Scalars ..
114: LOGICAL NOCONV
115: INTEGER I, ICA, IEXC, IRA, J, K, L, M
116: DOUBLE PRECISION C, CA, F, G, R, RA, S, SFMAX1, SFMAX2, SFMIN1,
117: $ SFMIN2
118: COMPLEX*16 CDUM
119: * ..
120: * .. External Functions ..
121: LOGICAL LSAME
122: INTEGER IZAMAX
123: DOUBLE PRECISION DLAMCH
124: EXTERNAL LSAME, IZAMAX, DLAMCH
125: * ..
126: * .. External Subroutines ..
127: EXTERNAL XERBLA, ZDSCAL, ZSWAP
128: * ..
129: * .. Intrinsic Functions ..
130: INTRINSIC ABS, DBLE, DIMAG, MAX, MIN
131: * ..
132: * .. Statement Functions ..
133: DOUBLE PRECISION CABS1
134: * ..
135: * .. Statement Function definitions ..
136: CABS1( CDUM ) = ABS( DBLE( CDUM ) ) + ABS( DIMAG( CDUM ) )
137: * ..
138: * .. Executable Statements ..
139: *
140: * Test the input parameters
141: *
142: INFO = 0
143: IF( .NOT.LSAME( JOB, 'N' ) .AND. .NOT.LSAME( JOB, 'P' ) .AND.
144: $ .NOT.LSAME( JOB, 'S' ) .AND. .NOT.LSAME( JOB, 'B' ) ) THEN
145: INFO = -1
146: ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
147: INFO = -2
148: ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
149: INFO = -4
150: END IF
151: IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
152: CALL XERBLA( 'ZGEBAL', -INFO )
153: RETURN
154: END IF
155: *
156: K = 1
157: L = N
158: *
159: IF( N.EQ.0 )
160: $ GO TO 210
161: *
162: IF( LSAME( JOB, 'N' ) ) THEN
163: DO 10 I = 1, N
164: SCALE( I ) = ONE
165: 10 CONTINUE
166: GO TO 210
167: END IF
168: *
169: IF( LSAME( JOB, 'S' ) )
170: $ GO TO 120
171: *
172: * Permutation to isolate eigenvalues if possible
173: *
174: GO TO 50
175: *
176: * Row and column exchange.
177: *
178: 20 CONTINUE
179: SCALE( M ) = J
180: IF( J.EQ.M )
181: $ GO TO 30
182: *
183: CALL ZSWAP( L, A( 1, J ), 1, A( 1, M ), 1 )
184: CALL ZSWAP( N-K+1, A( J, K ), LDA, A( M, K ), LDA )
185: *
186: 30 CONTINUE
187: GO TO ( 40, 80 )IEXC
188: *
189: * Search for rows isolating an eigenvalue and push them down.
190: *
191: 40 CONTINUE
192: IF( L.EQ.1 )
193: $ GO TO 210
194: L = L - 1
195: *
196: 50 CONTINUE
197: DO 70 J = L, 1, -1
198: *
199: DO 60 I = 1, L
200: IF( I.EQ.J )
201: $ GO TO 60
202: IF( DBLE( A( J, I ) ).NE.ZERO .OR. DIMAG( A( J, I ) ).NE.
203: $ ZERO )GO TO 70
204: 60 CONTINUE
205: *
206: M = L
207: IEXC = 1
208: GO TO 20
209: 70 CONTINUE
210: *
211: GO TO 90
212: *
213: * Search for columns isolating an eigenvalue and push them left.
214: *
215: 80 CONTINUE
216: K = K + 1
217: *
218: 90 CONTINUE
219: DO 110 J = K, L
220: *
221: DO 100 I = K, L
222: IF( I.EQ.J )
223: $ GO TO 100
224: IF( DBLE( A( I, J ) ).NE.ZERO .OR. DIMAG( A( I, J ) ).NE.
225: $ ZERO )GO TO 110
226: 100 CONTINUE
227: *
228: M = K
229: IEXC = 2
230: GO TO 20
231: 110 CONTINUE
232: *
233: 120 CONTINUE
234: DO 130 I = K, L
235: SCALE( I ) = ONE
236: 130 CONTINUE
237: *
238: IF( LSAME( JOB, 'P' ) )
239: $ GO TO 210
240: *
241: * Balance the submatrix in rows K to L.
242: *
243: * Iterative loop for norm reduction
244: *
245: SFMIN1 = DLAMCH( 'S' ) / DLAMCH( 'P' )
246: SFMAX1 = ONE / SFMIN1
247: SFMIN2 = SFMIN1*SCLFAC
248: SFMAX2 = ONE / SFMIN2
249: 140 CONTINUE
250: NOCONV = .FALSE.
251: *
252: DO 200 I = K, L
253: C = ZERO
254: R = ZERO
255: *
256: DO 150 J = K, L
257: IF( J.EQ.I )
258: $ GO TO 150
259: C = C + CABS1( A( J, I ) )
260: R = R + CABS1( A( I, J ) )
261: 150 CONTINUE
262: ICA = IZAMAX( L, A( 1, I ), 1 )
263: CA = ABS( A( ICA, I ) )
264: IRA = IZAMAX( N-K+1, A( I, K ), LDA )
265: RA = ABS( A( I, IRA+K-1 ) )
266: *
267: * Guard against zero C or R due to underflow.
268: *
269: IF( C.EQ.ZERO .OR. R.EQ.ZERO )
270: $ GO TO 200
271: G = R / SCLFAC
272: F = ONE
273: S = C + R
274: 160 CONTINUE
275: IF( C.GE.G .OR. MAX( F, C, CA ).GE.SFMAX2 .OR.
276: $ MIN( R, G, RA ).LE.SFMIN2 )GO TO 170
277: F = F*SCLFAC
278: C = C*SCLFAC
279: CA = CA*SCLFAC
280: R = R / SCLFAC
281: G = G / SCLFAC
282: RA = RA / SCLFAC
283: GO TO 160
284: *
285: 170 CONTINUE
286: G = C / SCLFAC
287: 180 CONTINUE
288: IF( G.LT.R .OR. MAX( R, RA ).GE.SFMAX2 .OR.
289: $ MIN( F, C, G, CA ).LE.SFMIN2 )GO TO 190
290: F = F / SCLFAC
291: C = C / SCLFAC
292: G = G / SCLFAC
293: CA = CA / SCLFAC
294: R = R*SCLFAC
295: RA = RA*SCLFAC
296: GO TO 180
297: *
298: * Now balance.
299: *
300: 190 CONTINUE
301: IF( ( C+R ).GE.FACTOR*S )
302: $ GO TO 200
303: IF( F.LT.ONE .AND. SCALE( I ).LT.ONE ) THEN
304: IF( F*SCALE( I ).LE.SFMIN1 )
305: $ GO TO 200
306: END IF
307: IF( F.GT.ONE .AND. SCALE( I ).GT.ONE ) THEN
308: IF( SCALE( I ).GE.SFMAX1 / F )
309: $ GO TO 200
310: END IF
311: G = ONE / F
312: SCALE( I ) = SCALE( I )*F
313: NOCONV = .TRUE.
314: *
315: CALL ZDSCAL( N-K+1, G, A( I, K ), LDA )
316: CALL ZDSCAL( L, F, A( 1, I ), 1 )
317: *
318: 200 CONTINUE
319: *
320: IF( NOCONV )
321: $ GO TO 140
322: *
323: 210 CONTINUE
324: ILO = K
325: IHI = L
326: *
327: RETURN
328: *
329: * End of ZGEBAL
330: *
331: END
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